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Streamlined spinefoot

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Streamlined spinefoot

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">At <a href="Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a>, Australia (above), and <a href="Raja_Ampat" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Ampat">Raja Ampat</a>, Indonesia (below)

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<th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div>

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<td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"> <a href="Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a>  (<a href="IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a>

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<td>Kingdom:

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<td><a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a>

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<td>Phylum:

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<td><a href="Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a>

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<td>Class:

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<td><a href="Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a>

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<td>Order:

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<td><a href="Acanthuriformes" title="Acanthuriformes">Acanthuriformes</a>

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<td>Family:

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<td><a href="Siganidae" title="Siganidae">Siganidae</a>

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<td>Genus:

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<td><a href="Rabbitfish" title="Rabbitfish">Siganus</a>

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<td>Species:

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<td><div style="display:inline" class="species">S. argenteus</div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Siganus argenteus <div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Jean_Ren%C3%A9_Constant_Quoy" title="Jean René Constant Quoy">Quoy</a> & <a href="Joseph_Paul_Gaimard" title="Joseph Paul Gaimard">Gaimard</a>, 1825)</div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><a href="#cite_note-Fishbase-2">[2]</a>

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<ul><li>Amphacanthus argenteus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825</li>

<li>Teuthis argentea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)</li>

<li>Amphacanthus rostratus <a href="Achille_Valenciennes" title="Achille Valenciennes">Valenciennes</a>, 1835</li>

<li>Siganus rostratus (Valenciennes, 1835)</li>

<li>Teuthis rostrata (Valenciennes, 1835)</li>

<li>Teuthis rostratus (Valenciennes, 1835)</li>

<li>Amphacanthus mertensii Valenciennes, 1835</li>

<li>Teuthis oligosticta <a href="Rudolf_Kner" title="Rudolf Kner">Kner</a>, 1868</li>

<li>Teuthis vitianus <a href="Henri_%C3%89mile_Sauvage" title="Henri Émile Sauvage">Sauvage</a>, 1882</li>

<li>Siganus vitianus (Sauvage, 1882)</li></ul>

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The streamlined spinefoot (Siganus argenteus), also known as the forktail rabbitfish, schooling rabbitfish or silver spinefoot, is a species of marine <a href="Ray-finned_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray-finned fish">ray-finned fish</a>, a <a href="Rabbitfish" title="Rabbitfish">rabbitfish</a> belonging to the <a href="Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="Siganidae" title="Siganidae">Siganidae</a>. It is found in the <a href="Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> region.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div>

The streamlined spinefoot was first formally <a href="Species_description" title="Species description">described</a> in 1825 as Amphacanthus argenteus by the French <a href="Naturalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalists">naturalists</a> <a href="Jean_Ren%C3%A9_Constant_Quoy" title="Jean René Constant Quoy">Jean René Constant Quoy</a> and <a href="Joseph_Paul_Gaimard" title="Joseph Paul Gaimard">Joseph Paul Gaimard</a> with the <a href="Type_locality_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Type locality (biology)">type locality</a> given as <a href="Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> in the <a href="Marianas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianas">Marianas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CofF-3">[3]</a> The <a href="Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> argenteus means "silvery", a reference to the silver colour of the cheeks and lower body.<a href="#cite_note-ETYFish-4">[4]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

The streamlined spinefoot has a body which is oval, compressed, slender and <a href="Fusiform" title="Fusiform">fusiform</a>, the body has a <a href="Standard_length" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard length">standard length</a> which is 2.4 to 3 times its depth. The small head does not have a steep dorsal profile byt has a pointed snout. The front nostril has a flap which extends past the rear nostril. There is a procumbent spine at the front of the <a href="Dorsal_fin" title="Dorsal fin">dorsal fin</a> which is enclosed in the skin of the nape.<a href="#cite_note-FAO-5">[5]</a> The dorsal fin contains 13 spines and 10 soft rays while the <a href="Anal_fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal fin">anal fin</a> has 7 spines and 9 soft rays.<a href="#cite_note-Fishbase-2">[2]</a> The <a href="Caudal_fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Caudal fin">caudal fin</a> has a deep fork.<a href="#cite_note-RLS-6">[6]</a> This species attains a maximum <a href="Total_length" class="mw-redirect" title="Total length">total length</a> of 40 cm (16 in), although 25 cm (9.8 in) is more typical.<a href="#cite_note-Fishbase-2">[2]</a> The colours of this species are that blue on the upper body with a silvery lower body. They frequently have variable markings, spots and curved lines, particularly on the lower flanks. The eye has a silvery-yellow iris. The axil of <a href="Pectoral_fin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pectoral fin">pectoral fin</a> is yellow and there is normally a yellow stripe along the base of the dorsal fin. There is also a dark brown bar on the upper edge of the operculum. This fish changes colour when alarmed or asleep to pale and dark brown mottling, with dark areas forming 7 diagonal zones across the flanks and the fins becoming mottled.<a href="#cite_note-FofA-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2></div>

The streamlined spinefoot has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution from the Red Sea south to Mozambique and Madagascar and east into the Pacific Ocean as far as Pitcairn Island, north to Japan and south to Australia.<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a> In Australia it is distributed from the area of <a href="Shark_Bay" title="Shark Bay">Shark Bay</a> in <a href="Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> to the <a href="Ashmore_Reef" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashmore Reef">Ashmore Reef</a> in the <a href="Timor_Sea" title="Timor Sea">Timor Sea</a>, and on the east coast from the northern <a href="Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a> near <a href="Cape_York_Peninsula" title="Cape York Peninsula">Cape York</a> south to <a href="Moreton_Bay" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a> in <a href="Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, it also occurs on reefs in the <a href="Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a> and at the <a href="Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FofA-7">[7]</a> It has been recorded once in the Mediterranean Sea off Libya but how this specimen reached there is uncertain.<a href="#cite_note-AMC-8">[8]</a> At remote islands such as <a href="Rapa_Iti" title="Rapa Iti">Rapa</a>, Pitcairn and the <a href="Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a> this species may be the only rabbitfish present. It occurs at depths down to 40 m (130 ft) in lagoons, on reefs, and in seaweed and seagrass beds.<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biology">Biology</h2></div>

The streamlined spinefoot is normally found in large, fast swimming schools on the water column clear of the seabed, every now and again they all dive down to the substrare to feed. Juveniles and adults may be encountered in small schools of 2–100 individuals near coral reefs, usually in the surge zone on the edge of the reef. Juveniles inhabit the water close to the surface in dense schools as far as several kilometres offshore, moving on to reef flats just before metamorphosis.<a href="#cite_note-Fishbase-2">[2]</a> The streamlined spinefoot has a diet made up of red and green <a href="Macroalgae" class="mw-redirect" title="Macroalgae">macroalgae</a> and it is one of the few herbivorous fishes that is able to eat the chemically rich macroalgae Chlorodesmis fastigata, however, this algae may only be eaten opportunistically and is likely a minor part of the total diet.<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a> They have spines which can inject venom into an attacker.<a href="#cite_note-Fishbase-2">[2]</a>

Unusually for a rabbitfish, the streamlined spinefoot is a <a href="Pelagic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelagic">pelagic</a> <a href="Spawn_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (biology)">spawner</a> and has a relatively long <a href="Larval" class="mw-redirect" title="Larval">larval</a> stage and a unique prejuvenile stage.<a href="#cite_note-reefkeeping-9">[9]</a> These long developmental stages allow it to disperse widely and makes the species less vulnerable than its <a href="Congener_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congener (biology)">congeners</a> to overfishing.<a href="#cite_note-iucn-1">[1]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisheries">Fisheries</h2></div>

Streamlined spinefoot are frequently recorded in markets in parts of their range, both as juveniles and adults. The pre-juveniles are taken as they migrate to reef flat areas in a brief but important part of local fisheries, e.g. in Guam. They are consumed fresh, pickled in brine, or made into fish paste.<a href="#cite_note-FAO-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter,_K.E.Lawrence,_A.Myers,_R.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Carpenter, K.E.; Lawrence, A. & Myers, R. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/69689070/115468608">"Siganus argenteus"</a>. <a href="IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 2016: e.T69689070A115468608. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T69689070A69690329.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T69689070A69690329.en</a>. Retrieved 23 July 2020.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Fishbase-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fishbase_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fishbase_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fishbase_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fishbase_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fishbase_2-4">e</a> <cite id="CITEREFFroesePauly" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Rainer_Froese" title="Rainer Froese">Froese, Rainer</a>; <a href="Daniel_Pauly" title="Daniel Pauly">Pauly, Daniel</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Siganus&speciesname=argenteus">"Siganus argenteus"</a>. <a href="FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a>. June 2021 version.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-CofF-3"><a href="#cite_ref-CofF_3-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFEschmeyerFrickevan_der_Laan" class="citation web cs1"><a href="William_N._Eschmeyer" title="William N. Eschmeyer">Eschmeyer, William N.</a>; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=species&genus=Siganus">"Species in the genus Siganus"</a>. <a href="Catalog_of_Fishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalog of Fishes">Catalog of Fishes</a>. <a href="California_Academy_of_Sciences" title="California Academy of Sciences">California Academy of Sciences</a>. Retrieved 22 August 2021.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-ETYFish-4"><a href="#cite_ref-ETYFish_4-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFChristopher_ScharpfKenneth_J._Lazara2021" class="citation web cs1">Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://etyfish.org/acanthuriformes2/">"Order Acanthuriformes (part 2): Families Ephippidae, Leiognathidae, Scatophagidae, Antigoniidae, Siganidae, Caproidae, Luvaridae, Zanclidae and Acanthuridae"</a>. The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528134150/https://www.etyfish.org/acanthuriformes2">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2021.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-FAO-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAO_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAO_5-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFD.J._Woodland2001" class="citation book cs1">D.J. Woodland (2001). "Siganidae". In Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/3/y0870e/y0870e27.pdf">FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles, sea turtles, sea snakes and marine mammal</a> (PDF). Rome: FAO. p. 3632. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>92-5-104587-9</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230525054712/https://www.fao.org/3/y0870e/y0870e27.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2023-05-25. Retrieved 2021-08-22.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-RLS-6"><a href="#cite_ref-RLS_6-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reeflifesurvey.com/species/siganus-argenteus/">"Siganus argenteus"</a>. Reef Life Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240809061012/https://reeflifesurvey.com/species/siganus-argenteus/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2021.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-FofA-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FofA_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FofA_7-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFBray,_D.J.2017" class="citation web cs1">Bray, D.J. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/2214#summary">"Siganus argenteus"</a>. Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418144828/https://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/2214#summary">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2021.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-AMC-8"><a href="#cite_ref-AMC_8-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFAbdulghani_AbdelghaniSara_A.A._Al_MabrukFabio_CrocettaDaniel_Golani2021" class="citation journal cs1">Abdulghani Abdelghani; Sara A.A. Al Mabruk; Fabio Crocetta & Daniel Golani (2021). "The Streamlined Rabbitfish Siganus argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) in the Mediterranean Sea". Thalassas. 37 (1): 287–290. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021TIJMS..37..287A">2021TIJMS..37..287A</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41208-020-00259-z">10.1007/s41208-020-00259-z</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-reefkeeping-9"><a href="#cite_ref-reefkeeping_9-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHenry_C._Schultz_III" class="citation web cs1">Henry C. Schultz III. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2003-05/hcs3/index.htm">"You Silly Rabbit:The genus Siganus"</a>. Reefkeeping.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220910175746/http://reefkeeping.com/issues/2003-05/hcs3/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2021.</cite>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li>Photos of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sealifecollection.org/taxon/219686">Streamlined spinefoot</a> on Sealife Collection</li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3762" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3762" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Taxon identifiers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Siganus argenteus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044087" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q1044087">Q1044087</a></li>

<li><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Siganus_argenteus" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Siganus argenteus">Siganus argenteus</a></li>

<li><a href="Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Siganus_argenteus">Siganus_argenteus</a></li>

<li><a href="FishBase" title="FishBase">FishBase</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fishbase.org/summary/4614">4614</a></li>

<li><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/84095">84095</a></li>

<li><a href="Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10580125">10580125</a></li>

<li><a href="Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/80277/">80277</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=219686">219686</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Amphacanthus argenteus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107325932" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q107325932">Q107325932</a></li>

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